Mobile Computing--OS精选.pdfVIP

PERSPECTIVES Arching over the Mobile Computing Chasm: Platforms and Runtimes Sasu Tarkoma and Eemil Lagerspetz, University of Helsinki Platforms, runtimes, and middleware play a vital role in an evolving mobile computing environment in which the trend is toward converged communication, where Web resources integrate seamlessly with mobile systems. obile devices increasingly depend on reliable MOBILE MARKETPLACE EVOLUTION software to offer a good user experience. Devel- In the 1980s, mobile phones provided only basic voice 6 oping software in this operating environment services. The first generation of mobile applications and 1-3 Mrequires many support services, which are services, introduced around 1991, were restricted by tech- mainly provided in the middleware layer. Middleware nology. The two key enablers for application development offers a level of indirection and transparency for applica- were the mobile data connection and the Short Message tion developers, who save development cost and time using Service. standardized or well-known interfaces when designing The second generation of mobile applications was their products. supported by built-in browsers, such as the Wireless Appli- Development time and cost have traditionally been high cation Protocol (WAP) and, more recently, lightweight Web for mobile applications and services, which operate in a browsers. This generation also introduced the Multimedia more challenging environment than a typical fixed net- Messaging Service (M