组织与胚胎学教学（河南科技大学）17 URINARY SYSTEM.pptVIP

Chapter 17 Urinary System 1.1 Capsule Each kidney is protected by three layers of connective tissue: the renal capsule (collagen fibers), adipose capsule (adipose tissue), renal fascia (anchors the kidney to surrounding structures). 1.3 A renal lobe A renal lobe consists of a renal pyramid, the overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of the renal columns. ③ Glomerular Basement Membrane It is 300 to 350 nm thick. Shared by the blood vessel endothelium and the podocytes epithelium. 3- The GBM is a major filtration barrier. 2.2 Renal tubule: Juxtaglomerular Apparatus -In the cortex, -Distal convoluted tubule contacts afferent efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. -Composition: A- Macula densa, B- Juxtaglomerular cells, C- Extraglomerular mesangial cells Questions for review 1.definitions: air-blood barrier, alveolar septum, uriniferous tubule, nephoron, renal corpuscle, medullary loop, glomerulus, renal capsule, filtration barrier, slit membrane, juxtaglomerular complex. 2. Describe the structure and functions of the pulmonary alveoli, alveolar septum, glomerulus. 3. What is the characterestics of the kidney blood supply? Next lesson： Reproductive system 2) Henle’s loop: consists of 3 segments. ① thick descending limb: similar in structure to the proximal convoluted tubule. ②thin segment:lined by simple squamous epithelium. ③ thick ascending limb: Thick ascending limb: has similar structure to that of distal convoluted tubule. Thick ascending limb is impermeable to water. NaCl is actively transported out of the tubule to establish the gradient of hypertonicity, which is crucial for urine condensation. 3) Distal convoluted tubule: lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Basal membrane invaginations, where exist numerous MT, are greatly developed. Responsible for ion exchanges (Na+, K+, H+, NH4+, etc.) that are regulated by aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone