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实现纤维素生物质能源的可持续发展 Towards Sustainable Cellulosic Bioenergy.pdf

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实现纤维素生物质能源的可持续发展 Towards Sustainable Cellulosic Bioenergy

Vol.1, No.2 J. Resour. Ecol. 2010 1(2) 117-122 Article DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2010.02.003 TowardsSustainableCellulosicBioenergy Randall W. Gentry1* ，Gary S. Sayler2 and ZHUANG Jie3 1 Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A.; 2 Center of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A.; 3 Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Center of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A. Abstract: Biomassisanabundant,domesticallyavailablesourceofcleanenergythathasthepotentialto greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass is attractive because of its low fossil energy-to-carbon ratio compared to corn and other grain-based technologies. However,biofuelproductionsystemsarenotsimple.Theyaresubjecttomultiplefactors:energysupply, economic development in rural communities, land and ecosystem protection, potential for reduction of greenhousegasemission,andsocialtraining.Thispaperprovidesabriefoverviewoftheenvironmental and economic impacts of bioenergy development. Different regions should have their own optimized portfolio of biomass species or energy crops according to regional climate and ecological conditions. Near-future biotechnology challenges include understanding and manipulation of biomass formation and breakdownofcellwall,biomasspretreatmentandselectionofplantvariantswithimprovedsu