新目标八年级下册Unit 6重难点解析Unit 6 How long have you been.docVIP

新目标八年级下册Unit 6重难点解析Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells？ 重难点解析（1）1. How long have you been in class today?　你们今天上了多长时间的课？（1）how long 意为“多久”。如：How long are you staying in Hong Kong?　你将在香港呆多久？How long did you do your homework?你做作业做了多久了？（2）how 的相关词组:how much 多少（钱）　how many 多少how far多远　 how often 多久一次how old多大　 how soon 多久以后注：how much 可对不可数名词的数量进行提问；还可对价格提问。how many 提问可数名词的数量。2.A:Alison，how long have you been skating?　艾丽森，你滑冰已经多长时间了？B:I have been skating for five hours.　我已经滑了五个小时。for表示时间的持续，后面加时间段，表示一段时间，多与带数词的名词连用，其谓语需用延续性动词。We have been learning English for two years.　我们学英语已经两年了。I slept for eight hours last night.　我昨晚睡了八个小时。注：在现在完成时中，若动词为非延续性动词，与for短语连用时，要转换为延续性动词。例如：borrow—keep；buy—have；arrive—be here；come back—be back；get up—be updie—be dead；begin—be on3. since表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”，后面接点时间，强调动作或状态一直延续到现在，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。例如：I have been skating since eight o’clock.　自从八点开始，我就已经滑冰了。I have been listening to music since 1999.　自从1999年以来，我一直听音乐。I have been here since I came to China.　自从我来到中国以来，我一直在这儿。4. Grammar Focus 语法聚焦现在完成进行时构成：have/has been+现在分词用法:现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续进行下去；或表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。常与for two hours，since 1986，all this morning，these few days 等表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：I have been reading all this morning. 我一上午都在读书。I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 自从十岁起我就一直收集邮票。Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早上起你一直在做作业吗？I haven’t been seeing a film for a long time. 我很长时间没看电影了。How long has she been collecting shells? 她已经收集贝壳多长时间了？I’ve been collecting shells for two years.（I’ve=I have） 我收集贝壳已经两年了。How long has she been skating? 她已经滑冰多长时间了？She’s been skating for four hours. （she’s=she has） 她已经滑了四个小时了。for和since用于现在完成进行时的区别：for后面跟一段时间，例如：I’ve been skating for five hours.since后面可以跟一个时间点，也可以是一个时间状语从句。例如:He has been skating since he was seven years old.（since引导时间状语从句）He has been skating since nine o’clock this mornin