外文翻译---商业改善区域对暴力犯罪的发生率产生的影响.docVIP

The effect of business improvement districts on the incidence of violent crimes 商业改善区域对暴力犯罪的发生率产生的影响 John MacDonald,2 、Robert J Stokes, 1、约翰·麦克唐纳、2、罗伯特·J斯托克斯, ABSTRACT Objective目的 To examine whether business improvement districts (BID) contributed to greater than expected declines in the incidence of violent crimes in affected neighbourhoods. 检测发现在感染所居住的地区商业区域的改善，促成了暴力犯罪的比预期的下降率。 Method 方法 A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to assess the changes in the incidence of violent crimes between 1994 and 2005 and the implementation of 30 BID in Los Angeles neighbourhoods.在1994年和2005年的洛杉矶地，贝叶斯结构层次模型被用来评估你的变化发生的暴力犯罪的发生率的变化，投标率达30。 Results The implementation of BID was associated with a 12% reduction in the incidence of robbery and an 8%reduction in the total incidence of violent crimes . 投标的实现与下降12%的抢劫率相关，也与下降8%的暴力犯罪率相关。 Conclusion结论 These findings indicate that the implementation of BID can reduce the incidence of violent crimes likely to result in injury to individuals. The findings also indicate that the establishment of a BID by itself is not a panacea, and highlight the importance of targeting BID efforts to crime prevention interventions that reduce violence exposure associated with criminal behaviours. 这些研究结果表明:实施出价可以减少暴力犯罪的发病率可能导致个人的受伤。调查结果还表明,建立的投标本身并不是万灵药,也不是突出的重要性,针对投标努力减少暴力犯罪行为的相关干预犯罪行为曝光。 Research indicates the importance of community level attributes for explaining the incidence of interpersonal violence and crime in neighbourhoods, 研究表明,社区的暴力犯罪主要归结于 人与人之间的暴力和发生在邻居之间的暴力犯罪。 but there are few examples of effective community-level violence prevention inter-ventions.1e3 Several studies suggest that implementation of the community economic development model of the business improvement district (BID) reduces crime in affected neighbourhoods. 但是有几个有效的社区暴力防治的例子。一些研究建议实施社区经济发展模式的商业改善区域(投标)可以减少由于暴力犯罪受到影响的街区。 The BID model relies on special assessments levied on commercial properties locatedwithin designated business areas to augment services.为了在指定的业务领域来增强服务，投