国际法第一章节补.pptVIP

国际法 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 一、The name of International law 关于国际法曾出现的名称： law of nations(国家法)；super-national law(超国法)；world law(世界法)；transnational law(越国法)；law of humanity(人类法) 18世纪末期，边沁提出了“international law”的名称，由于这个名称更加适合于国家之间的法律，所以该名称成为了通常使用的名称。 注意区分： International Law conflict of laws (国际私法，冲突法) public international law（国际公法） 二、The concept of International law International law used to be defined as the law that governs the relations between states, only states were subjects of international law. Modern international law regulates the relations between (among) nation-states and with other political entities with international personality. CONCEPT: International law is about principles，regulations and systems of conduct that nations regard as binding upon them and, therefore, are expected to and usually do observe in their relations with one another . 三、The characters of International Law 1、international law is real law A Most Important Question : International law is whether or not a “law”? International law is a law of coordination, not as is the case of most internal law, a law of subordination. By law of coordination we mean to say that it is createdand appliedby its own subjects, primarily the independent states, for their own common purposes. Another Important Question :The difference between international and domestic law Subjects Enactive mechanism Enforcer 2、国际性 (1) The most important subject is states (2) The object is relationship between states (3) The sources of International law is treaties (4) The effect comes from state of states’ conducts ★ 案例分析： 【Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case (Preliminary Objection), judgment of 22 July 1952】 1933年4月29日，伊朗（当时国名为“波斯”）与英国的“英伊石油公司（Anglo-Iranian Oil Company）”签订了一项特许权协议。该协议授予英伊石油公司在伊朗境内的特许区域内开采和加工石油的特许权。协议的有效期限是60年。协议规定，在协议的有效期内，非因特殊原因和经过仲裁庭裁决，该协议不能废除。1951年3月4日，伊朗国会和参议院通过了石油工业国有化的法律，就此取消了与英伊石油公司的特许权。英国政府于1951年5月16日向国际法院提起诉讼，请求国际法院判决并且宣告伊朗政府有义务将伊朗与英伊石油公司的争端提交仲裁庭裁决。 国际法院没有认同英国政府的主张。国际法院认为：1933年伊朗与英