教案病理生理学期末考试重点内容.docVIP

病理生理学期末考试重点内容 病理生理学期末考试 zwx 一、A型选择题（45个，包括5个英文题目，共45分） 学习指导自己看 二、名词解释（5个英文题，必须用英文解释，用中文无效，每题3分；5个中 文题，每个2分；共25分） 范围如下： 25个英文名词（已给，必须用英文解释，用中文无效） 1.Disease Disease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents. 2.Causative factor / pathogenic cause Causative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity. 3.Hypoxia Hypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body. 4.Cyanosis Cyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl. 5.Hemic hypoxia Hemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood. 6.Enterogenous cyanosis When pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+ to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis. 7.Ischemic hypoxia The deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia. 8.Fever Fever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances. 9.Pyrogenic activators Fever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators. 10.Endogenous pyrogens Endogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor n