稠油掺稀脱水工艺室内研究.doc

稠油掺稀脱水工艺实验研究 1 郭长会1;2 吕宇玲 1 中国石油大学（华东）；2 中国石化石油工程设计有限公司 摘要：稠油掺稀油是稠油脱水的有效方法，通过掺稀油可以降低稠油的黏度和密度，加快脱水。Indoor experimental study on the dehydration process of blending light oil in heavy crude oil AN Wen-peng1 GUO Chang-hui1;2 Lü Yu-ling1 LIU Hui-ying2 1 China University of Petroleum；2 SINOPEC Petroleum Engineering Corporation Abstract:Blending light oil in heavy crude oil is an effective method for dehydration. It can reduce the viscosity and density of heavy crude oil and quicken dehydration. Different processes and ratios of blending light oil can result in different dehydration effect and energy consumption. By using heavy crude oil and light oil which have different physical properties, indoor static and dynamic experiments were performed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the processes of blending light oil before and after dehydration. The experiments show that the process of blending light oil before dehydration increases the content of emulsifying water observably and intensifies the degree of difficulty in dehydration. The process of blending light oil after dehydration has better dehydration effect and uses less energy than the other one. Key words: heavy crude oil；blending light oil；dehydration；process；energy consumption 胜利油田稠油资源丰富，集输处理稠油量大。由于稠油采出液含水越来越高[1,2]。采用传统的稠油热化学沉降脱水工艺，存在脱水温度高、破乳剂加药量大、药剂不易分散、沉降时间长等问题很难快速达到脱水目标[]。[5,6]。稠油掺稀可以降低稠油的黏度和密度，是加快稠油脱水的有效方法[,8]。稠油掺稀工艺不同、掺稀比例不同，沉降效果和加热能耗也不同因此设计最佳掺稀工艺对提高油脱水效率，降低稠油处理成本具有重要意义。 1 稠油掺稀脱水工艺 进站预掺混工艺是稠油掺稀脱水的传统工艺该工艺的主要流程为井排来液进站后直接进行掺稀，通过混合器混合均匀后再依次进入三相分离器、加热炉和沉降罐等设备进行稠油脱水，如图1所示。以某稠油处理联合站为例，现场采样发现，井排来液含水高，液量和水量大，但是大部分乳化水与原油的乳化程度较低，形成的乳状液稳定性差，容易出现油水分层。因此，在进站预掺混工艺的基础上进行流程改进，提出了脱水后再掺混工艺。该工艺流程的改进之处为井排来液进站后不直接进行掺稀，而是先经过三相分离器脱水，再进入加热炉和沉降罐等设备，如图2所示。 图1 进站预掺混工艺主要流程 图2 脱水后再掺混工艺主要流程 2 室内实验 2.1 原油物性 实验采用胜利油田某联合站稠油和稀油，稠油密度（20 ℃）为0.9906 g/cm3，稀油密度（20 ℃）为0.912 g/cm3，稀油含水可忽略；稠油和稀油的黏度情况如图3所示。 图3 原油黏度与温度关系曲线 2. 乳状液的配 采用S7401-Ⅱ型无极调速电动搅拌器，剪切速率约为1000 rpm。由于进站来液为综合含水90%，乳化含水33.35%的稠油乳状液，所以根据现场情况按照掺稀比（稀油质量：稠油质量）分别为0、0.5、1、1.