保护地之外的保护和恢复生态学.pptx

保护地之外的保护和恢复生态学Outside Protected Areas And Restoration Ecology 课程：生物多样性导论 主讲： 赵郁豪目录※保护地之外的保护※※生态系统管理※※恢复生态学※保护地之外的保护◆什么是保护地？(What?)保护地是通过法律手段或传统风俗划定的一定面积的陆地或海洋，其目的是为了保护生物多样性及其相关的自然和文化资源（World Resources Institute/WRI 2003）。保护地之外的保护◆为什么要进行保护地之外的保护？(Why?)保护区内某物种的数量可能小于MVP（最小生存种群），故保护区面积越小，长期持续的生物多样性保护就越依赖于保护区外的区域；全球至少有80%的面积是在保护地之外；e.g.东部非洲国家公园现存草食动物数,以及如果国家公园外的地区不能适于野生动物生存则公园内可能幸存的物种数国家公园面积(× 1000公顷)野生动物物种数现在如公园外不能容纳*塞伦杰提,坦桑尼ara,肯尼亚1812922Meru,肯尼亚1022620Amboseli,肯尼亚392418Samburu,肯尼亚302517内罗毕,肯尼亚112111*国家公园不适于野生动物生存是由于农业、狩猎、放牧或其他人类活动引起。保护地之外的保护◆为什么要进行保护地之外的保护？(Why?)受保护的和不受保护的地区在保护自然中扮演互补的角色；在任何国家和地区，大量稀有物种和生物群落不可避免的在保护地之外活动。保护地之外的保护e.g. In the United States, 70% of the species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act occur on private land (Stein et al. 2000; Wilcove et al.2004), and 10% occur exclusively on private lands.保护地之外的保护◆怎么对保护地之外进行保护？(How?)→与当地人合作全世界大约有3亿土著人，占据着12-19%的地表面积；土著人往往已经建立了对自然资源所有权的传统体系有时政府对此予以承认。保护地之外的保护◆怎么对保护地之外进行保护？(How?)Wildlife Conservation Outside Protected Areas - Lessons from an Experiment in Zambia To help carry out the various tasks of protecting and developing wildlife resources, residents were trained and employed as wildlife management staff. Village wildlife councils provided advice and assistance. Safari concessions yielded sufficient revenue to meet the recurrent costs of wildlife management and also generated significant earnings for local community benefits. As a result, poaching dropped dramatically, local economies were improved and village attitudes toward wildlife management and conservation became more positive.Wildlife Conservation Outside Protected Areas - Lessons from an Experiment in Zambia ⑴ manpower requirements were drawn from the local village community.⑵ manpower training and development was supervised by NPWS(National Parks and Wildlife Service) to ensure a high standard.⑶ issues of wildlife management were dealt with in collaboration with village leaders through wildlife subcommittees for each