北京四合院在解读：空间形态中-线_研究.docVIP

摘要 “传统好像一条路，每一次回头，都会看到我们是从什么地方出发，打算往什么地方走下去。”继承传统建筑文化并应用于当代建筑实践是笔者一直以来努力的方向。怀着这种“中而新”的企盼，笔者希望通过本文的探索获得对传统建筑文化更加深刻的理解。之前对北京四合院的研究数不胜数，但多是从史学的客观描述或发展的更新改造等角度，缺乏适当的视点。 本文尝试改变之前只知其然的理解方式，借助中国传统文化与“线”之间的关联并以此为切入点，将“线”作为独特的认识途径带入到对北京四合院空间形态的考察中。以建筑形态学理论为指导，建立了北京四合院空间形态中“线”的概念体系，以便挖掘其中存在的各种“线”。 分别从下面几个部分展开研究: 首先，本文从定义基本概念入手，对形式和形态的概念进行辨析，提出文中空间形态的范畴，并通过概念转换将线的概念从几何抽象中提取出来阐述四合院空间形态中的“线”，得出本文所讨论的“线”的概念并将其分类。其中的“线”以空间形态构成的要素和结构两种方式出现，可被分为四类:线性空间(要素的构成)、线性形体(要素的构成)、线式组合(结构的构成)、线式逻辑(结构的构成)。 其次，进入文章主体部分，找出北京四合院群体空间组织中的“线”，进行整理，说明其线的性质，分析其形态特征及发挥的作用。其中线性空间选取胡同、围墙、回廊，线式逻辑选取轴线、流线、轮廓线。再次，对单体建筑形态中的“线”提取。线性构件选取构架、格扇(门窗)、装修，线式组合选取地盘、瓦垄、檐口/屋脊，并分别讨论。 最后，通过归纳北京四合院空间形态中“线”的构成手法和重要作用，形成对对象所表现特点的重新认识。得出结论，北京四合院是基于“线”构成的。 关键词:北京四合院;空间形态;线式结构;线性要素。 Abstract Tradition is like a road. Every time we look back, we could see where we started andwhere we would go. Inheriting the culture of traditional Chinese architecture and connecting it to contemporary practice of modern architecture is what I have been putting effort to for a long time. With expectation of Chinese and New, I hope a deeper understanding of the culture of traditional Chinese architecture could be realized through the exploration in this research. There are numerals researches in Beijing courtyard, but most of those researches are historical objective descriptions or from the aspect of renovation, which are lack of an appropriate view. This research tries to change the previous way. Drawing support from the relationship between traditional Chinese culture and line, making this the entry point of this research, this dissertation will take a unique perspective in observing the spatial form of Beijing courtyard by taking line as the recognizing viewpoint. Taking spatial morphology of architecture as a direction, this research establishes the conceptual system of line in the space of Beijing courtyard, finding out all kinds of line in it. This research has the following parts: Firstly, this article starts from the concept.