电站锅炉用钢焊接工艺研究-毕业论文.docxVIP

摘要 电力工业是我国国民经济发展的基础产业之一。近年来随着经济的快速发展，电站锅炉向着高参数、大容量机组方向发展，逐步淘汰了低参数、小容量、效率低的机组锅炉。因此为了达到机组的高热效率、低煤耗、环境污染少的目的，通常采用提高机组蒸汽参数来实现，即提高锅炉出口蒸汽压力和蒸汽温度。蒸汽压力的提高势必要求使用耐高温的高强度的钢材，否则为满足高温工作的承压部件要求，必然要增大部件的壁厚；蒸汽温度的提高势必要求钢材具有更高的高温持久强度。本文拟用T91钢进行讨论T91属于马氏体类型的耐热钢，而且焊接性能较差，所以焊接工艺复杂并且要严格执行，如果焊接过程中不严格执行焊接工艺，焊接接头将过早产生失效和破坏，锅炉焊接工作是锅炉制造过程中的关键技术难题。本文T91焊接性进行研究。通过对硬度、冲击力学实验和利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对焊接接头的不同区域进行组织观察、力学性能分析。可知焊接工艺试验为采用钨极氩弧焊焊接方法，焊接电流115A，预热温度/层间温度250℃，焊接层数5，焊后热处理770℃恒温一小时，为最佳焊接工艺，焊缝可以得到晶粒细小、组织均匀的回火索氏体组织。针对焊接接头，测试焊接接头的硬度分布。从热影响区到焊缝中心组织变化很大，显微硬度会产生较大的波动。在焊缝中心的温度小于等于250℃时，焊缝的机械性能力学性能最佳。 关键词：电站锅炉；T91；焊接性能；力学性能Abstract Electric power industry is one of the basic industry of national economy development in our country. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, power plant boiler to develop in the direction of high parameter, large capacity units, phasing out the low parameter, small capacity and low efficiency of the boiler unit. So in order to achieve high efficiency of the unit, the purpose of low coal consumption, less environmental pollution, usually adopt to improve the unit steam parameters, namely, increase export of boiler steam pressure and steam temperature. Steam pressure increase will inevitably require the use of high temperature resistance of high strength steel, or to meet the high temperature compression part of job requirements, is bound to increase the part of the wall thickness; Steam temperature rise will inevitably require steel has higher high temperature lasting strength. Discuss this article employs the T91 steel T91 belongs to type heat resistant steel, and the welding performance is poor, so the complex welding process and to strictly carry out, if the welding process is not strictly implement welding process and welding joint will be premature failure and damage, boiler welding work is the key technical problems in the process of manufacturing. T91 is studied in this paper. By means of hardness, impact mechanics experiments and by using optical