论文膝关节十字韧带损伤预防及康复性体能训练初探.docVIP

课 题 名 称 膝关节十字韧带损伤的预防 及康复性体能训练初探 摘 要 膝关节是很复杂的关节，膝关节韧带是膝关节稳定的首要构造，亦然也是产生病变多的部位。膝关节由胫骨近端，髌骨和股骨远端构成。同时和旁边的韧带相连接，与关节囊和半月板构成了一个稳定的结构。前交叉韧带起着限制胫骨的前移与旋转作用。前交叉韧带以股骨外髁的内侧面为起点，胫骨内侧隆突的前外侧为止点。后交叉韧带以股骨内髁的外侧面为起点，胫骨平台后缘为止点。后交叉韧带在膝关节水平的下方，起着限制胫骨后移的作用。保持膝关节的稳定最主要的关键就是十字韧带。在骨科领域和运动领域常见的创伤之一就是膝关节十字韧带损伤，同时也是较为严重、医治难度较大的损伤。最近20年来，发病率在逐渐增高。例如神经肌肉、关节韧带、激素的周期性变化以及其他因素均与易发膝关节十字韧带损伤有关。因此制定出一套系统的康复性体能训练方案，以改善膝关节和肌肉力量的运动水平，预防膝关节十字韧带的损伤，对膝关节的退行性损伤起着重要的作用。 关键词：膝关节；十字韧带；康复性；体能训练 Abstract 膝关节是很复杂的关节，膝关节韧带是膝关节稳定的重要结构，也是发生病变多的部位。膝关节由股骨远端，胫骨近端和髌骨组成。同时附着在它们上的韧带，关节囊和半月板组成了关节的稳定结构。前交叉韧带起于股骨外髁的内侧面，止于胫骨内侧隆突的前外侧，限制胫骨的前移与旋转。后十字韧带起于股骨内髁的外侧面，止于胫骨平台后缘，位于关节水平的下方，限制胫骨的后移。它们是维持膝关节稳定的关节内的重要结构。膝关节十字韧带损伤是运动创伤和骨科领域常见的创伤之一,是膝关节损伤中较为严重、治疗难度较大的损伤。其发病率在最近20年来有逐渐增高的趋势。例如神经肌肉、关节韧带、激素的周期性变化以及其他因素均与易发膝关节十字韧带损伤有关。因此制定出一套系统的康复性体能训练程序，对提高膝关节的肌力水平、恢复膝关节运动能力，预防膝关节损伤和膝关节退行性损伤有着重要的作用。 The knee joint is very complicated joint, ligament of knee joint is an important structure of the knee joint stability, but also in many parts of. Knee joint by the distal femur, proximal tibia and patella. At the same time attached to them on the ligament, meniscus and formed a stable structures of the joint. Medial femoral condyle. Medial femoral condyle surface of anterior cruciate ligament in, stop in the medial tibial eminence anterolateral tibial advancement and rotation, limit. Posterior cruciate ligament in the lateral femoral condyle, stop at the posterior edge of tibial plateau, is located below the joint level, limiting the tibial shift. They are an important structure to maintain the stability of the knee joint. Cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint is one of the common sports injuries and Department of orthopedics areas of trauma, injury of knee is serious, difficult damage treatment. Its incidence has gradually increased in recent 20 years. For example, periodic change of nerve muscle, ligament, hormones and other factors were associated with prone knee cru