微波的技术与天线.pptVIP

h h x z r r’ h=0.25l h=0.5l h=0.75l h=l 辐射的功率为 辐射电阻为 方向系数为： 有效长度 电基本振子 短振子 有效长度为 h 接收天线理论 Reciprocity in antenna theory states that if antenna #1 is a transmitting antenna and antenna #2 is a receiving antenna, then the ratio of transmitted to received power will not change if antenna #1 becomes the receiving antenna and antenna #2 becomes the transmitting one. 互易性：天线#1是发射天线，天线#2是接收天线，当把天线#1作为发射天线，天线#2作为接收天线时，发射功率和接收功率之比保持不变。 有效面积（口径）Effective Area(Aperture) Definition:The effective antenna area (aperture) is the ratio of the available power at the terminals of the antenna to the power flux density of a plane wave incident upon the antenna, which is polarization matched to the antenna. If there is no specific direction chosen, the direction of maximum radiation intensity is implied. 定义：在入射波与天线极化匹配的情况下，天线终端的资用功率与天线接收的入射波的能流密度之比。 天线的噪声温度Antenna Noise Temperature K:波尔兹曼常数 （Boltzmann’s constant） 1.38╳ 10-23 T:绝对温度 Df:带宽 线天线Linear Wire Antennas Half-wavelength Full-wavelength x y z Eq Ej Er j q h h x z r r’ q Directivity方向系数 Directivity (D) - The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all direction. 方向系数（D）:在某方向上的辐射强度（一般取最大辐射强度）与平均辐射强度的比值 例题2：理想的等方向性辐射源的方向系数为多少？ 解： 例题3：电基本振子(电偶极子) 的方向系数为多少？ 解： 天线效率 Antenna Efficiency Prad the total power radiated by the antenna 辐射的功率 Pl the total power dissipated by the antenna in the form of ohmic losses 由于欧姆损耗而被天线消耗的功率 Antenna Gain天线增益 Gain : the ratio of the intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna were radiation isotropically. The radiation intensity corresponding to the isotropically radiated power is equal to the power accepted (input) by the antenna divided by 4p. 增益：天线在某个方向上的辐射强度（一般取最大辐射强度）与有同样输入功率的(无耗的)等方向性天线的辐射强度之比。 G=D·h [1]C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory:Analysis and design, New York:John Wi