How_to_write_and_publish_a_scientific_paper(最新整理）.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 How to write and publish a scientific paper Contents Chapter 1 What Is Scientific Writing? Chapter 2 Origins of Scientific Writing Chapter 3 What Is a Scientific Paper? Chapter 4 How to Prepare the Title Chapter 5 How to List the Authors and Addresses Chapter 6 How to Prepare the Abstract Chapter 7 How to Write the Introduction Chapter 8 How to Write the Materials and Methods Section Chapter 9 How to Write the Results Chapter 10 How to Write the Discussion Chapter 11 How to State the Acknowledgments Preface Criticism and testing are of the essence of our work. This means that science is a fundamentally social activity, which implies that it depends on good communication. In the practice of science we are aware of this, and that is why it is right for our journals to insist on clarity and intelligibility... —Hermann Bondi Good scientific writing is not a matter of life and death; it is much more serious than that. The goal of scientific research is publication. Scientists, starting as graduate students, are measured primarily not by their dexterity in laboratory manipulations, not by their innate knowledge of either broad or narrow scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured, and become known (or remain unknown) by their publications. A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published. In fact, the cornerstone of the philosophy of science is based on the fundamental assumption that original research must be published; only thus can new scientific knowledge be authenticated and then added to the existing database that we call scientific knowledge. It is not necessary for the plumber to write about pipes, nor is it necessary for the lawyer to write about cases (except brief writing), but the research scientist, perhaps uniquely among the trades and professions, must provide a written document showing what he or she did, why it was done, how it was done, and