CH12文件系统实现.ppt

Chapter 12: File System Implementation文件系统实现 12.1 File System Structure 文件系统结构 12.2 File System Implementation文件系统实现 12.3 Directory Implementation 目录实现 12.4 Allocation Methods 分派方法 12.5 Free-Space Management 空闲空间管理 12.6 Efficiency and Performance 效率和性能 12.7 Recovery 恢复 12.8 Log-Structured File Systems 日志结构文件系统 12.9 NFS 网络文件系统 12.1 File-System Structure(文件系统结构) File structure（文件结构） Logical storage unit（逻辑存储单元） Collection of related information（相关信息的集合） File system resides on secondary storage (disks). （文件系统存在于辅助存储器中—磁盘） File system organized into layers.（文件系统按层组织） File control block – storage structure consisting of information about a file. （文件控制块FCB：由一个文件的相关信息组成的存储结构） Fig 12.1 Layered File System 12.2 File System Implementation文件系统实现 12.2.1 Overview The on-disk structures include: Boot control block Partition control block(分区控制块)：superblock in UFS, Master File Table in NTFS Directory structure FCB In-memory structure include: In-memory partition table In-memory directory structure System-wide open-file table Per-process open-file table UNIX磁盘文件卷结构 超级块：描述文件系统的状态，包括磁盘空闲块栈，空闲i结点栈 i节点（inode list）：存放文件说明信息，每项64字节 目录文件：每个目录项16字节。文件名区分大小写。 Fig 12.2 A Typical File Control Block In-Memory File System Structures The following figure illustrates the necessary file system structures provided by the operating systems. OS中的文件系统结构下面图例的功能 When a file is opened , the directory structure is searched for the given file name. Parts of the directory structure are usually cached in memory to speed directory operations. Once the file is found , the FCB is copied into a system- wide open-file table in memory. This table not only stores the FCB, but also has entries for a count of the number of processes that have the file open. Next , an entry is made in the per-process open-file table, with a pointer to the entry in the system- wide open-file table and some other fields. Figure 12-3(a) refers to opening a file. Figure 12-3(b) refers to reading a file. Fig 12.3 In-Memory