八年级英语下lesson18学习重点总结精选.doc

八年级英语下Lesson18学习重点总结 　　Lesson18 　　1.have a pet dog=keep a pet dog 养宠物狗 　　2.give love to …给…关爱 3. look after= take care of 　　4.family n. 家，家庭，家属 ，是一个集体名词，做主语时谓语动词根据其表达的含义而定，表示“家庭”这一社会单位，其谓语动词要用单数，表示“家庭中所有成员”时谓语动词须用复数。例如： His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。 　　Her family are all at table.她全家人都在吃饭。 　　*辨析：family, house与home 　　family家，家庭，家里的人，不指住房。 　　house住宅，指居住的房屋。 There is a red house on top of the hill. 山顶上有一所红房子。 　　home是一个带有感情色彩的词，指同家人共同生活的地方，不一定包含建筑物，强调家里的氛围和环境。There is no place like home. 没有任何地方可比得上家。 　　5. name n. 名字，vt.取名，命名，名叫，说出的名字。A boy named Tom, named Tom 是过去分词短语做后置定语，此时named=called=with the name，意为“被叫做......”。 　　What’s his name? 他叫什么名字? My parents named me Mary. 　　Can you name all the flowers in the garden? 你能说出花园里所有花的名字吗? 　　I have a friend named (=called)John. 我有个朋友叫约翰。 　　6. talk to sb. “和某人交谈” 同义词组为talk with sb. 后者更侧重指双方交谈。 　　The teacher is talking to his mother.老师正在和他妈谈话。 　　Do you often talk with your parents? What are you talking about? 　　*辨析：say, speak，talk与tell的区别 　　say意为“讲，说”，强调说的内容，一般做及物动词，后常跟宾语从句。 　　Say it in English, please. He says that he saw the girl last Monday. 　　speak强调说话的动作，一般做不及物动词。做及物动词，其宾语是某种语言。 　　My father is speaking to Mr. Wu. He can speak Chinese. 　　talk做“谈话，讲，谈论”解是不及物动词。注重双方的交流。常与to , with, about等介词连用。tell 做及物动词时，常用于tell sb.sth/ tell sth to sb或tell sb to do sth 结构。tell还用于tell a story 讲故事 tell a lie 说谎 等短语中。Eg: I can’t tell you the bad news= I can’t tell the bad news to you. My mother tells me to buy some fruit. 　　7.过去进行时结构为“was/were +v.ing ”，表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间，即过去 　　的当时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常与at the moment,at this time yesterday, at ten last night (结构为: at +具体时刻+过去时间，when,while引导的时间状语从句等表示过去某一确切时刻的时间状语连用，例如： He was watching TV at ten last night. 　　注意：动词go, come , leave, start 等动词的过去进行时，表示根据计划或安排，过去某一时刻后即将或不久要发生的动作，相当于过去将来时。He told his friends he was leaving the next week. She said her parents were going to America soon. 　　8.辨析：look, see与watc