京杭大运河嘉兴段的历史变迁.docVIP

京杭大运河嘉兴段的历史变迁 　　【摘 要】大运河嘉兴段是京杭大运河南段江南运河的一部分,位于太湖流域水网地带,是杭嘉湖平原水系的总要组成部分。隋代前,苏州至杭州,以嘉兴为中心,早有水道可通。隋代开通江南运河,成为浙北干河。嘉兴至桐乡崇福运河段自隋代开凿江南运河以来河床走向至今基本稳定不变,崇福西南的运河段在元代前经海宁长安走上塘河到杭州,元末以后才形成现在经大麻余杭塘栖至杭州的走向。隋唐时为节制洪水,沿河多闸堰,后代设施虽废,沿线的地名仍留下历史上的痕迹。唐宋后上游来水四引,水流平缓,但为调节水位便于运输和排引,运河上仍设有闸门,以时启闭,通过船只和引水排水。江南运河开通以来,经过唐、五代、两宋的开发,形成了一个以嘉兴为中心的运河水网体系。 　　【关键词】京杭大运河;嘉兴段;变迁;开发;治理 　　Historical changes of Jiaxing section of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal 　　Fu Zheng-rong,Xu Xin,Yang Jing,Xu Jin,Chu Zi-fa 　　(Zhejiang Province Archaeological Institute Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014) 　　【Abstract】The Grand Canal Jiaxing Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a section of Henan section of southern part of the canal, located in the Taihu Lake Basin Water Network area is always Hangjiahu plain water system components. Before the Sui Dynasty, Suzhou to Hangzhou, Jiaxing, as the center, long waterway can pass. Sui South Canal opened, a dry river north of Zhejiang. Tongxiang Jiaxing Chongfu canal section to cut from the Sui river south towards the canal has been basically steady, Chongfu southwest section of the canal before the Yuan Chang took Tong River by Haining Hangzhou, Yuan Dynasty only after the formation of Yuhang, now that cannabis Tangxi go to Hangzhou. Sui and Tang dynasties when the flood control, multi-gate weir along the river, although the future of waste facilities, along the names are still traces of history left. Four cited in Tang and Song Houshang You runoff, water gently, but in order to adjust the water level easy to transport and scheduling guidelines, the canal still has a gate to open and close when, through the vessels and water drainage. South since the canal opened, after Tang and Five Dynasties, Song of the development, the formation of a canal in the center of Jiaxing water network system. 　　【Key words】Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal; Jiaxing section; Change; Development; Governance 　　1. 运河的开凿和变迁 　　运河嘉兴段的最初开凿,可以追溯到遥远的春秋晚期。《越绝书-吴地传》载:“百尺渎,奏江,吴以达粮”。百尺渎,又名百尺浦,这条古运河是从苏州向南,通过吴江、平望、嘉兴、崇德,南下直达钱