禽类流行性感冒﹙AvianInfluenzaBirdFlu﹚-大业国中.PPT

禽 類 流 行 性 感 冒﹙ Avian Influenza; Bird Flu ﹚ 中國醫藥大學附設醫院 實習醫生︰高 敏 欽 March 2, 2k4 於台中市立大業國中 Three Types of Influenza Viruses Influenza A, B, and C. Each year about 20,000 Americans die because of influenza or influenza related pneumonia. Over 90% of the deaths occur in persons aged 65 years and older. The current subtypes of influenza A viruses found in people are A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and influenza B strains are included in each years influenza vaccine. The flu shot does not protect against type C influenza. Introduction Influenza A virus Infect various animal hosts (avian, mammalian). Serologic and genetic analysis: 15 hemagglutinin (HA) 9 neuraminidase (NA) Only 3 of the 15 HA subtype have caused pandemics in human H1N1 in 1918 (Spanish, swine), 20 million deaths, Avian ancestor. H2N2 in 1957 (Asian), 86,000 deaths (U.S.), avian reassortment. H3N2 in 1968 (HK), 34,000 deaths (U.S.), avian reassortment. H1N1 reemerge in 1977 (Russian), negligible. Background on Pandemics 1918-19, Spanish flu, [A (H1N1)], caused the highest number of known flu deaths: more than 500,000 people died in the United States, and 20 million to 50 million people may have died worldwide. Many people died within the first few days after infection and others died of complications soon after. Nearly half of those who died were young, healthy adults. Background on Pandemics (cont.) 1957-58, Asian flu, [A (H2N2)], caused about 70,000 deaths in the United States. First identified in China in late February 1957, the Asian flu spread to the United States by June 1957. 1968-69, Hong Kong flu, [A (H3N2)], caused approximately 34,000 deaths in the United States. This virus was first detected in Hong Kong in early 1968 and spread to the United States later that year. Type A (H3N2) viruses still circulate today. Morphology of Influenza A virions Orthomyxoviridae spherical and 80-200nm in diameter 8 segments of （-）ssRNA spikes of haemagglutinin (HA) and