《数据库系统管理及应用Database System Management》课件PPT 07 Relational Algebra.pdf

Chapter 7. Relational Algebra related to text book chapter 6 (version 7) related to text book chapter 7 (version 8) 1 Contents • Introduction • Formal definition • Syntax Semantics of operators • Example Queries • Updates • Compare with SQL 2 Introduction • Procedural language • The operators take two or more relations as inputs and give a new relation as a result. 3 Formal Definition • A basic expression in the relational algebra consists of either one of the following: – A relation in the database – A constant relation 4 Formal Definition – cont. • Let E1 and E2 be relational-algebra expressions; the following are all relational-algebra expressions: – E ∪ E 1 2 – E - E 1 2 – E x E 1 2 5 Formal Definition – cont. – σ (E ), F is a predicate on attributes in F 1 E 1 – ∏ (E ), A is a list consisting of some of A 1 the attributes in E 1 – ρ (E ), x is the new name for the result x 1 of E 1 6 Syntax of Tutorial D Relational exp ::= RELATION {Tuple exp commalist} |relvar name |relational operation |(relational exp) relational operation ::= project|nonproject