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Exercises 1.1 Because Internet has made telecommuting available to individuals and has changed business communication. 1.2 Finance ,power sector ,transportation busniss,real estate,hospitality industry,retail trade,electronics industry,telecommunications,Anime industry,film industry and so on. 1.3 Yes.Because as a result of the availability of a unified underlying network a programmer only needs to learn about one interface to the network and one basic set of functions. 1.4 The study of low-level mechanisms and technologies used to send information across a physical communication medium. 1.5 Its a technology that allows multiple senders to transmit data over a shared network.Because Packet switching changed networking in a fundamental way,and provided the basis for the modern Internet. 1.6 In 1973,Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn lead another tevolution in computer network by proposing a set ofstandards became known as the TCP/IP. Internet Protocol Suite. 1.7 It refers to the ability of two entities to communicate,bacause for communication to be successful,all entities in a network must agree on how information will be represented and communicated. 1.8 It refers to a specification for network communication.Low-level details and a high-level mechanism. 1.9 Its a suit which covers all aspects of communication, including hard-ware failures and other exceptional conditions .Protocol suit can ensure that the resulting communicating system is both complete and efficient. 1.10 A laying model describes how all aspects of a communication prroblem can be partitioned into pieces that work together.Dividing protocols into layers help us manage the complexity separately. 1.11 Layers 1:physical,it specify details about the underlying transmission medium and the associated hardware. Layers 2:network interface,it specify details about communication between higher layers of protocols and the underlying network. Layers 3:Internet,it specify communication between two computers across the