2017_2018学年高中英语Module4Music课时跟踪练一Introductionamp;Reading_Prereading外研版选修.docVIP

课时跟踪练(一) Introduction Reading — Pre reading Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A couple of years ago, music psychologist Elizabeth Margulis decided to make some changes to the music of Luciano Berio. Berio was one of the most famous classical composers of the 20th century. After loading his most famous piece into a computer editing program, she just randomly started cutting. The idea behind this act was simple: Margulis wanted to see if she could make people like Berio?s music more by making it more repetitive. Margulis knew that 90 percent of the music we listen to is music we?ve heard before. We return again and again to our favorite songs, listening over and over to the same musical riffs (重复乐段), which themselves repeat over and over inside the music, and shed become obsessed with understanding why repetition is so compelling (引人入胜的). This is why she was razoring (剃) the music of Berio — because his music isnt at all repetitive. We are drawn to repetition. It surrounds us, not just in modern American pop music, Margulis says, but everywhere. “Musical repetitiveness isn’t really an individual feature of music that’s arisen over the past few hundred years in the West，” she says. “It seems to be a cultural universal. Not only does every known human culture make music, but also, every known human culture makes music in which repetition is a defining (典型的) element.” Why? One part of the answer is what’s known as the mere exposure effect. Psychologists have found that people tend to start off wary (谨慎的) of — or even unfriendly to — new things, which makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. But then the act of mere exposure changes our feelings. We typically feel more warmly toward things we encounter again and again. So mere exposure is one of the reasons we respond so well to repetition — both of music and in music — but Margulis clearly doesn?t think it?s the whole story. She says repetition also allows us to shift (转移) our attention around, from the surface aspects of the music to ot