不同施肥措施对土壤机械性质的影响.docVIP

目录 摘要 II 关键词 II Abstract III Key words III 1 前言 1 2 材料和方法 2 2.1 采样点和方法 2 2.2 土样采集 2 2.3 野外实验测定 2 2.4 基本理化性质测定 3 2.5 团聚体稳定性测定 3 2.6 团聚体抗张强度测定 5 3 统计分析 6 4 结果分析 6 4.1 基本理化性质分析 6 4.2 土壤团聚体粒径分布 10 4. 3 野外抗剪强度分析 11 4. 4 野外贯入阻力分析 12 4.5 土壤团聚体的稳定性分析 13 4.5.1湿筛法（Yoder法） 13 4.5.2 Le Bissonnais法(LB法) 14 4.6 团聚体抗张强度分析 15 4.7 团聚体易碎性分析 16 5 结论 17 6 参考文献 18 7 致谢 20 摘要 施肥措施对土壤结构和团聚体稳定性有重要影响。本研究比较了措施对土壤机械性质、团聚体机械性质和团聚体水稳性的影响。采样层次为0—5、5—15、15—25、25—45cm。野外测定土壤抗剪强度和贯入阻力，实验室测定土壤碳氮含量和团聚体抗张强度与水稳定。结果表明不同处理土壤抗剪强度和贯入阻力的差异不明显，但是随土层深度增加而明显增大。研究结果发现不同施肥方式造成土壤机械性质和水稳定性有很大差异。未施肥处理的土壤有机质和无机N含量较低，其水稳定性最差，表层土壤的保水能力最弱； 施肥的三个处理则与空白的相反。施用了农家肥的土壤最强的水稳定性；施NPK和NPK+秸秆的则居中。 关键词：机械性质 团聚体 有机质 氮磷钾 Abstract Measures of fertilizer application have a significant effect on the soil structure and the stability of soil aggregate .The study compare with the influence of the soil mechanical properties, the aggregate mechanical properties and their water stability, and the influence is caused by four different fertilizer measures (mixed NPK, mixed NPK with straw returned to farm, farm manure and no fertilizer). The sampling level is 0—5、5—15、15—25、25—45cm .We measure the soil shear strength and penetration resistance in the field and the soil carbon and nitrogen content, the soil aggregate tensile strength and the water stability in laboratory. The results show that the soil shear strength and penetration resistance have little difference among the four different measures , but they increase along with the soil depth increasing. The unfertilized soil contains small amount of soil organic and inorganic N, and its water stability is smallest, the three other measures are contrary. The farm manure soil has the largest water stability, the mixed NPK with straw returned to farm and the mixed NPK are less water stability. Key words：mechanical property , soil aggregate, organic matter，NPK 1 前言 土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分，影响了土壤的许多物理化学性质。近几十年来，国内外土壤研究者对土壤有机无机复合与土壤团聚体形成之间的关系作了大量研究。这些研究主要认为有机无机复合是土壤中水稳性团聚体形成的重要机制和物质