蝙蝠回声定位声波的可塑性及其生态适应.pdfVIP

兽类学报,2014,34 (3):307 - 312 Acta Theriologica Sinica 蝙蝠回声定位声波的可塑性及其生态适应 林洪军 王磊 冯江 (东北师范大学, 吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室, 长春 130024) 摘要:蝙蝠通过调节回声定位声波特征来满足自身的感官需求,表现出回声定位声波的可塑性及其对生态环境 与需求的适应。声波频率、强度、脉冲持续时间和间隔时间等特征与蝙蝠所处的生态位密切相关,声波可塑性 在蝙蝠进化过程中起着至关重要的作用。本文结合马铁菊头蝠 (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum )和大趾鼠耳蝠 (Myo- tis macrodactylus)回声定位声波可塑性的研究,从回声定位声波的方向性、 目标距离、环境复杂度和应对干扰4 个方面总结了蝙蝠如何通过改变回声定位声波特征来满足自身在导航和捕捉猎物过程中的感官需求与生态适应, 并阐述了回声定位声波可塑性的研究现状,为开展蝙蝠声学和行为学研究提供参考。 关键词:蝙蝠;回声定位声波;可塑性;生态适应 中图分类号:Q958 1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000 - 1050 (2014 )03 - 0307 - 06 Plasticity and ecological adaptability of bat echolocation calls  LIN Hongjun,WANG Lei,FENG Jiang (Northeast Normal University ,Jilin Province ,Protection and Utilization of Animal Resources Laboratory ,Changchun 130024 ,China ) Abstract :Bat species adjust the acoustic characteristics of echolocation calls to meet the sensory demand,showing their a- coustic plasticity and adaptability to the ecological environment. Frequency,intensity,pulse duration and interval charac- teristics are closely related to a bat ’s niche,and acoustic plasticity in bats plays a vital role in the process of evolution. In this paper ,combined with the recent research on echolocation acoustic plasticity of greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus fer- rumequinum )and big-footed myotis (Myotis macrodactylus ),we summarize bat ’s adjustment of echolocation acoustic characteristics to satisfy their sensory demand,and their ecological adaptability to implement navigation and capture prey from echolocation sound wave direction ,target distance,environmental complexity and interference factors. We also illus- trate the research status of echolocation acoustic plasticity. Our review lends t