The Amendments 美国概况PPT.pptVIP

* * * Chapter 3 The Amendments A1. The Bill of Rights Most of the Constitution‘s twenty-seven amendments were adopted to keep it abreast of changes in political thinking. As a matter of fact, the first ten amendments (the Bill of Rights) were the price of ratification. They refrain the national government from tampering with践踏 fundamental rights and civil liberties and emphasize the limited character of national power. A1. The Bill of Rights What is the Bill of Rights? The Bill of Rights is a series of constitutionally protected rights of citizens. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, ratified by the required number of States on December 15, 1791, are commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights人权法案. A1. The Bill of Rights ⅠAmendment Prohibits the government from abridging剥夺 freedom of speech, the press, assembly, petition and from establishing an official religion. Ⅱ Amendment Guarantees the right to bear arms. Ⅲ Amendment Prohibits troops from occupying citizen’s homes in peacetime. Ⅳ Amendment Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures Ⅴ Amendment Requires an indictment起诉 by a grand jury for serious crimes; prohibits the government from trying a person twice for the same crime; prohibits the government from taking life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and prohibits the government from taking private property for public use without fair compensation to the owner. A1. The Bill of Rights Freedom of ideas: The first Amendment protects against government suppression of the unrestricted exchange of ideas. The right to bear arms: The second amendment declares “A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed”. 纪律良好的民兵队伍，对于一个自由国家的安全实属必要；故人民持有和携带武器的权利，不得予以侵犯。 This has created a hornet’s nest of problems for gun-control advocates and their opponents. A1. The Bill of Rights Due Process of Law正当法律程序: The Fifth Amendment deserves an explanat