三 定性研究和定量研究.pptVIP

三 定性研究和定量研究 Social research aims to understand how humans operate in society. Some main empirical approaches are - qualitative research quantitative research combinations of the above methods Scientific Research Pattern Quantitative and qualitative research may largely be seen as existing within two separate scientific research pattern. Quantitative Research is rooted in the Positivism Qualitative Research is rooted in the Anti-Positivism Science vs. Art Quantitative Approach Once you understand the basic rules, anyone can do it. Qualitative Approach Takes a lot of practice to do it well. Qualitative Observations Describe an object’s qualities. Quantitative Observations Describe quantities. Use numbers as measurements or to count. Scientists prefer quantitative observations. Essential Characteristics of Qualitative Research concerned with understanding a phenomenon assumes multiple realities data is in the form of rich verbal descriptions researcher is immersed and in direct contact during the data collection the data collection is highly interactive data collection methodology evolves and is flexible; a “tentative” approach to the methodology Essential Characteristics of Qualitative Research emphasizes the holistic perspective research is context sensitive illuminate the invisibility of everyday life; “make the familiar strange” construct meaning from the participant’s point of view (“informants” rather than “subjects”) explores open questions rather than testing hypothesis employs purposive sampling The most common qualitative research techniques include: In-depth interview Focus group Projective methods Case study Pilot study Quantitative surveys: generic features Large samples (up to full census) Probability sampling Emphasis on high rates of response Standardised questionnaires Statistical data analysis Quantitative surveys: generic features Helpful for looking at correlat