Chapter 8 Psychology of Emotions情绪心理学教学课件.pptxVIP

Chapter 8;本章要点;一、情绪:从表达到交流;Dual determinants of expressive signals（Scherer, et.al.1980);Three functions of an expressive behavior: “organ on” model(Scherer, 1992);Some confusions when overemphasis on one of these three functions;Fridlund(1994): opposing a “readout view” of expression, has reiterated the concept of strategic intention(?) movements and calls a new “behavior ecology view” of expression. 行为生态学观点：表情行为起连接作用，行为生物链/生态链/食物链； 反对将表情行为理解为内部情绪的“显示器”(?) 。 表情行为是最基本的人际关系要素，人与人之间通过情绪的表达行为连接起来，所以，表情行为的目的首先是人际交流的需要。;“推”与“拉”如何才能统一？ 适应环境是共同的目标； 表情行为与文化？ 西方文化（个人角度）：强调依据个人感受行为，尊重内/外一致为诚实； 中国文化（人际/集体角度）：强调人际协调、维护个人面子，天人合一； 声音的情绪表达属性具有更强的表达可塑性，受更多的社会文化学习成长等因素作用；;Scherer(1994): “Raw” affect vocalizations will be interpreted as more spontaneous and reliable signals, as well as more truly felt, than will conventionalized习俗化, ritualized礼仪化 “vocal emblems”(象征), produced in a socially stereotyped way with “typical intensity”. 表情行为不仅表达着情绪，也要尊重社会习俗、礼仪，所以，也要受意志的控制；;Fall Semester, 2008;二、Multiple determinants of the nature of affect vocalization（情绪声音的多元决定属性）;Emotional expression in voice;不同文化与面部表情辨别（Ekman, et. Al., 1975);影响情绪声音表达的因素：（I）认知和注意的约束;受认知影响的语音属性（Y）： Speech planning and execution：演讲计划和执行； speech fluency：演讲流畅性； Prosody：音律； speech error：言语错误； interruptions：停顿； ;（II）Role of language;三、Research evidence on the encoding of emotion in voice;表情声音的测量： 不同阶段测量：情绪过程中时间特点； 不同层次测量：生理的、声音物理的、情绪词、听众知觉等； 一般较多测量：声音物理特点、情绪词；;Acoustic measures of emotional speech;Time-related measures语速测量;Intensity related measures响度测量;Measures of related to fundamental frequency与基础频率相关的测量;Combined time-frequency-energy measure（I）;Combined time-frequency-energy measure（II）;相关的研究依据;Anger “Hot” anger Increase in mean Fo；音调上升 Increase in Fo variability and in the range of Fo across the utterances encoded; (Fo的变异增大) Increase in mean intensity;(响度增大) Fo contours tend to be directed downward and articulation rate tends to be generally increased;（清晰度上升） Increase in high-frequency energy高频能量上升; Cold anger ;F