仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1-105.ppt

Constant Airspeed Climb Cruise, VX, VY AI becomes primary for pitch while establishing the new pitch Primary power is RPM to set the desired climb power Once established, airspeed is primary for pitch (if power is not varied) Constant Rate Climb Maintain a specific rate as well as airspeed. Use AI as primary for pitch to establish, but then VSI will switch to primary for pitch. Airspeed indicator will be primary for power once power is set. Any changes will flip back to RPM. Constant Airspeed Rate Descents Reduce power and simultaneously pitch down For constant airspeed, airspeed indicator is primary for pitch after you’ve established pitch attitude on the AI. For constant rate, VSI is primary for pitch after you’ve established pitch attitude on the AI. Level Off Pilot technique rules, but a guide is: 10% vertical velocity when maintaining speed 500 fpm: lead by 50 ft speed changes in a descent may require a power addition about 100 to 150 feet above level off altitude AI is primary pitch in transition RPM is primary power in transition Common Errors Over-controlling the aircraft Chasing VSI Always fighting for altitude in turns Bucking horse during rollout from turns Trimming to attitude, rather than trimming for altitude. Glass-panel cockpits are replacing the more familiar “round dial” cockpits. What’s Coming! The Difference in the Dials Airspeed Altitude Attitude DG/HSI Vertical Speed Turn Rate Skid and Slip Where are the needle and ball? Procedural Steps in Using Control and Performance 1. Establish an attitude and power setting on the control instruments that results in the desired performance. Known or computed attitude changes and approximated power settings helps to reduce the pilot’s workload. 2. Trim (fine tune the control forces) until control pressures are neutralized. Trimming for hands-off flight is essential for smooth, precise aircraft control. It allows a pilot to attend to other flight deck duties with minimum deviation from the desired