生物医用高分子材料第二章PPT.ppt

Biocompatibility In order to define biocompatibility, it may be easier to define what it is not, rather than what it is.?? A?biocompatible material disrupts normal body functions as little as possible.? Therefore, the material causes no thrombogenic, toxic, or allergic inflammatory response when the material is placed in vivo.? The material must not stimulate changes in plasma proteins and enzymes or cause an immunologic reaction, nor can it instigate carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic (gross tissue change) effects. 第二章 相互作用 Polymers Polymers consist of small repeating units, or isomers, strung together in long chains.? The flexible structure of polymers has enabled this group of materials to be useful in applications from plastic garbage bags to rubber tires.? Even DNA has found this structure useful, storing genetic information in thousands upon thousands of repeating sequences of polymers.? In many materials, processing conditions can induce the polymer chains to link with each other along the length of the chain to produce a wide variety of mechanical properties.? This is known as cross-linking.? Cross-linking can increase the density of materials to improve their strength and hardness; however, cross-linked materials often lose their flexibility and become more brittle.? These parameters are easily varied in order to suit current biomedical applications.? 第二章 相互作用 polyethylene (PE) The wide use of polyethylene (PE) in medicine illustrates the versatility typical of a polymer.? Depending on the processing of the material, PE can be elastic and flexible, or hard and smooth.? Low-density polyethylene serves as tubing in catheters, while ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) polyethylene is one of the major articulating surfaces used in total hip or knee replacements.? The smooth surface of UHMW creates extremely low friction with other materials and increases the durability of the artificial joint exponentially. 第二章 相互作用 Hydrogels Hydrogels comprise another su