岩浆岩石学Ch 09 Trace Elements and Isotopes.ppt

6 = Z = # of protons ? element identity 14 = A = p + n May drop the subscript (redundant with symbol) Mass differences ? chemical differences, so mass fractionation is always small, but some fract may occur during reactions If mass fractionation takes place, the light isotope - vapor liquid solid The efficiency of mass fractionation = f(mass difference/total mass) 204Pb - 205Pb will not fractionate 1H - 3H will fractionate appreciably Stable isotope studies are usually limited to sulfur and lighter elements Stable isotopes can give us information on: -eqm T -source indicators -history of evolution True, but: the value of d can vary from - 40 to almost 0 d appears to be a function of temperature Why? Hi T low % condensation, so fract vapor liquid is high and gets closer to SMOW. Where T is lower and a higher % liq. the fract is less efficient and d is lower. Paleothermometry of snow accumulation, carbonates Greenland ice sheet cores paleoclimates? O and H isotopes used to evaluate juvenile vs. meteoric vs. brine characteristics of water and the type of water responsible for rock alteration d18O is quite different for mantle rocks and surface-reworked sediments, so it may be used to evaluate the extent to which mantle-derived magmas are contaminated by crustal sediments Thermometry of minerals? Beware of re-equilibration and alteration! Other products = subatomic products and energy Last line: 39Ar is neither radiogenic nor radioactive - why use it?? therefore some TEs will follow similar major E Periodic Table is next slide Rb follows K conc. in Ksp, mica, late melt Ni follows Mg conc in olivine smaller ion preferentially - solid (Mg is smaller than Fe so more Mg in Ol than in melt) (Cr+3 and Ti+4 are always preferred in solids/liquids) For example: suppose C(Ni) = 20 ppm in a system C(Ni) in olivine may be 100 ppm C(Ni) in plagioclase may be 1 ppm C(Ni) in liquid may be 10 ppm Double C(Ni) in system to 40 ppm: Ol - 200 ppm