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学习做一名专家型教师在教师专业
TCP/IP Protocol Suite A packet has arrived in which the offset value is 100. What is the number of the first byte? Do we know the number of the last byte? Example 8 A packet has arrived in which the offset value is 100. What is the number of the first byte? Do we know the number of the last byte? Example 8 SolutionTo find the number of the first byte, we multiply the offset value by 8. This means that the first byte number is 800. We cannot determine the number of the last byte unless we know the length of the data. A packet has arrived in which the offset value is 100, the value of HLEN is 5 and the value of the total length field is 100. What is the number of the first byte and the last byte? Example 9 A packet has arrived in which the offset value is 100, the value of HLEN is 5 and the value of the total length field is 100. What is the number of the first byte and the last byte? Example 9 SolutionThe first byte number is 100 × 8 = 800. The total length is 100 bytes and the header length is 20 bytes (5 × 4), which means that there are 80 bytes in this datagram. If the first byte number is 800, the last byte number must be 879. 8.3 OPTIONS The header of the IP datagram is made of two parts: a fixed part and a variable part. The variable part comprises the options that can be a maximum of 40 bytes. The topics discussed in this section include: Format Option Types Figure 8.10 Option format Not all routers/hosts use these options, but they must be ready to do so if they are present in the datagram. Copy - tells whether to copy this option into a fragment Class - defines the general purpose of the option Figure 8.11 Categories of options As we just saw, only 6 options in use currently. The single-byte options are only 1 byte in length and do not require length or data fields. Figure 8.12 No operation option Used as a filler between options. For example, can be used to align the next option on a 16- or 32-bit boundary. Figure 8.13 End of option optio
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