[文学]新古典主义时期.ppt

Neoclassical Period(1688-1798) Historical background Major writers Literature terms The Neoclassical Period ---- the period in English literature between the return of Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth in 1978. Historical background 1. It’s a turbulent period: a. Great political and social events were the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660. b. the Great Plague （大瘟疫,指1665年流行于伦敦的鼠疫） of 1665 which took 70000 lives in London alone. c. the Great London Fire which destroyed a large part of the city, leaving two-thirds of the population homeless. d. the Glorious Revolution in which King James II was replaced by his protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William, duke of Orange, in 1689. There was constant strife between the monarch and the parliament, between the two big parties—the Tories and Whigs—over the control of the parliament and government, between opposing religious sects such as the Roman Catholicism, the Anglican Church （英国国教等于Church of England） and the Dissenters(异议者|不奉国教者|不同意者), between the ruling class and the laboring poor, etc. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence (disagreement )of values. e. the constitutional monarchy(君主立宪制度) came into being as a compromise between the bourgeoisie and the aristocrats --- the monarch was deprived of ruling power, Parliament had more say The Tory(保守托利党) and the Whig（自由辉格党） 2. Abroad: The eighteenth century saw the fast development of England as a nation, a vast expansion of British colonies in North America, India, the West Indies, and a continuous increase of colonial wealth and trade provided England with a market for which the small-scale hand production methods of the home industry were hardly adequate. Towards the middle of the eighteenth century, England had become the first powerful capitalist country in the world. The British bourgeois or middle class al