泌尿系统——肾的生理功能.ppt

Regulation of renal blood flow 1. Autoregulation : 80~180mmHg myogenic theory tubule-glomerulus feedback 2. Neural regulation 3. Humoral regulation Capillary : fenestration 50~100nm (-) Basement membrane: 4~8nm (-) Podocyte: filtration slit 4~14nm (-) r= 2.0~4.2nm Negative charge : can not be filtrated Factors effect filtration 1. Capillary blood pressure: 80~180mmHg 2. Capsular pressure 3. Blood colloid osmotic pressure 4. Renal blood flow: filtration equilibrium 5. Filtration coefficient : Kf Figure 26.13c I.II. Counter-current Exchange in the Vesa Recta Preserves Hyperosmolarity of the Renal medulla The vasa recta trap salt and urea within the interstitial fluid but transport water out of the renal medulla III. Role of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Ducts in Forming Concentrated or Diluted urine Figure 26.15a, b The Effects of ADH on the distal collecting duct and Collecting Ducts The Role of ADH There is a high osmolarity of the renal medullary interstitial fluid, which provides the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption to occur. Whether the water actually leaves the collecting duct (by osmosis) is determined by the hormone ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the low levels of water (high osmolarity), so the hypothalamus sends an impulse to the pituitary gland which releases ADH into the bloodstream. ADH makes the wall of the collecting duct more permeable to water. Therefore, when ADH is present more water is reabsorbed and less is excreted. In the first half of the proximal tubule, sodium is reabsorbed by co-transport along with glucose, amino acids, and other solutes (H+). Active transport , 2/3 In the second half of the proximal tubule, sodium reabsorbed mainly with chloride ions. Passive transport , 1/3 Sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule : 65% The second half of the proximal tubule has a relatively high concentration of chloride (around 140mEq/L) compared wit