波谱分析课件 chapter 1 SPECTROSCOPY.pptVIP

SPECTROSCOPY Textbook and reference Textbook Kenneth A Rubinson Judith F Rubinson, Contemporary Instrumental Analysis(现代仪器分析), 科学出版社　 Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, 3rd Ed., John Wiley Sons Reference 武汉大学化学系编，仪器分析，高等教育出版社,2001 于世林、李寅蔚主编，波谱分析法　（全国轻化工类高等学校工业分析专业系列教材）重庆大学出版社，1994年第2版 西北师院、陕西师大、河北师大、上海师大、华中师大、河北师院编，有机分析教程　陕西师大出版社，1987年第1版 苏克曼、潘铁英、张玉兰，波谱解析法 华东理工大学出版社，2002.8 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Spectroscopy What is spectroscopy? A typical spectroscopy experiment is extremely simple to describe. Electromagnetic radiation at some frequency is allowed to interact with the sample of interest. Then some property of that radiation is measured, for example the amount absorbed, diffracted, emitted, scattered, etc. The frequency of radiation to be used is determined by the energy levels associated with the property of the sample we are interested in such as electronic levels, rotational motion, vibrational motion, etc. Spectroscopy includes UV-Vis spectrometry (Ultraviolet/visible Absorption Spectrometry), IR spectrometry (Infrared Spectrometry), NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and MS (Mass Spectrometry) Rapid and precise analytical methods for organic compounds Only applied for pure compound Hyphenated techniques (GC-MS, GC-IR, LC-MS, LC-NMR etc.) for mixture analysis 2. Electromagnetic spectrum The wave is described with wavelength and frequency Electromagnetic radiation possess a certain amount of energy. The energy of one unit of the radiation, the photon, is related to the frequency by E = hv E is the energy of the photon in ergs, h is Planck’s constant, 6.62 x 10-27 erg sec The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is very wide and covers radiation from gamma-rays to visible light to radiofrequency waves. The visible region is that narrow region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the color sensors in our eyes are sensitive. This region, which covers wavelengths of 300 nm to 800 nm, has energies