[其它]英文论文翻译材料.docVIP

英文文献： Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is a digital datalink system for transmission of short, relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. The protocol, which was designed by ARINC to replace their VHF voice service and deployed in 1978,[1] uses telex formats. SITA later augmented their worldwide ground data network by adding radio stations to provide ACARS service. Over the next 20 years, ACARS will be superseded by the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) protocol for Air Traffic Control communications and by the Internet Protocol for airline communications. Contents 1. History of ACARS 1.1 Introduction of ACARS systems 1.2 OOOI events 1.3 Flight management system Interface 1.4 Maintenance Data Download 1.5 Interactive Crew Interface 2. How it works 2.1 VHF subnetwork 2.2 SATCOM and HF subnetworks 2.3 Datalink message types 3. Example transmissions 3.1 Departure delay downlink 3.2 Weather report uplink 3.3 FDAMS message downlink 4. Aircraft equipment 5. Datalink Service Provider 6. Ground End System 7. ARINC Specifications 8. Acronyms and Glossary 9. GIS and Data Discovery 10. See also 11. References 12. External links History of ACARS Prior to the introduction of datalink, all communication between the aircraft (i.e., the flight crew) and personnel on the ground was performed using voice communication. This communication used either VHF or HF voice radios, which was further augmented with SATCOM in the early 1990s. In many cases, the voice-relayed information involves dedicated radio operators and digital messages sent to an airline teletype system or its successor systems. Introduction of ACARS systems The Engineering Department at Aeronautical Radio, Inc (ARINC), in an effort to reduce crew workload and improve data integrity, introduced the ACARS system in July 1978. The first day operations saw about 4000