化学专业英语-Polymer.ppt

Polymer Chemistry Introduction to polymers Synthesis Structure and properties Characterization 1. Introduction to polymers 1.1 Polymer Polymers are large molecules made up of simple repeating units. The name is derived from the Greek poly meaning “many” and mer meaning “part”. Macromolecule is a term synonymous with polymer. 1.2 Degree of polymerization (DP, 聚合度) The degree of polymerization refers to the number of repeating units in the polymer chain, and hence is related to the length of the chain. Since in any polymer samples the chain lengths will vary in magnitude, in practice one refers to the average degree of polymerization ( ). 1.3 Classification of polymers1.3.1 Homopolymer and copolymer （均聚物和共聚物） If only one type of monomer is employed to form the polymer the resulting molecule is called a homopolymer. Often properties are obtained by using different types of monomer species. In this case the polymer is termed a copolymer. 1.3.2 Linear, branched and network polymer（线形，支化，网状高分子） Linear Branched Network (crosslinked) 1.3.3 Thermoplastic and Thermoset（热塑和热固塑料） ? What is thermosetting.? ? What is thermoplastic ? Thermoplastic polymers are readily moldable and can be cast from solution to give films. 1.3.4 Other Classifications Rubbers Plastics Fibers Coatings Adhesives 2 Synthesis 2.1 Step-growth polymerization（逐步聚合） Step-growth polymerization, which is often also called condensation polymerization（缩聚） since it is almost exclusively concerned with condensation reaction taking place between multifunctional monomer molecules. The other category is addition polymerization（加成聚合） where the monomer molecules add on a growing chain at a time and no small molecules are eliminated during the reaction. 2.1.1 Condensation reaction（缩合反应） A typical condensation reaction is the reaction between acetic acid and ethyl alcohol Two important points to note are that a small molecule, water, is produced by the reacti