[计算机软件及应用]shellprogramming3.pptVIP

Lecture : UNIX Shell Programming Pushpa.p Lecture: Outline Unix Shell programming: Shell scripts. Definition. Uses of shell scripts. Writing shell scripts. Shell scripts A shell script is a text file with Unix commands in it. Shell scripts usually begin with a #! and a shell name (complete pathname of shell). Pathname of shell be found using the which command. The shell name is the shell that will execute this script. E.g: #!/bin/bash Shell scripts (contd.) If no shell is specified in the script file, the default is chosen to be the currently executing shell. Shell scripts (contd.) Any Unix command can go in a shell script Commands are executed in order or in the flow determined by control statements. Different shells have different control structures The #! line is very important. We will write shell scripts with the Bourne shell (bash). Shell scripts (contd.) A shell script as a standalone is an executable program: Must use chmod to change the permissions of the script to be executable also. Can run script explicitly also, by specifying the shell name. E.g: $ bash myscript E.g: $ csh myscript Shell scripts (contd.) Consider the example $ bash myscript Invokes the bash shell and then runs the script using it. Its almost as if we had the line #! /bin/bash in the file myscript. Similarly with the second example using csh. myscript need not be an executable as bash is running the script on its behalf. Shell scripts (contd.) Why write shell scripts ? To avoid repetition: If you do a sequence of steps with standard Unix commands over and over, why not do it all with just one command? Or in other words, store all these commands in a file and execute them one by one. Shell scripts (contd.) Why write shell scripts ? To automate difficult tasks: Many commands have subtle and difficult options that you don’t want to figure out or remember every time . Simple Example Assume that I need to execute the following commands once in a while when I run out of disk space: Simple Exa