[互联网]机械专业英语5-6.pptVIP

机 械 工 程 专 业 英 语 Unit 7 Tolerances and Fits 公差 名义尺寸 允差 单边公差、双边公差 间隙、过盈、过渡配合 公差带 基本偏差 上、下偏差 基孔制、基轴制 Any manufacturer should have a thorough knowledge of the tolerances to increase the quality and reliability of a manufactured part with the least expense. Deviations of actual surfaces are divided into four groups to enable assessment, prescription and checking of the permitted inaccuracy during production: 1. Dimensional deviations;（尺寸偏差） 2. Shape deviations;（形状偏差） 3. Position deviations;（位置偏差） 4. Surface roughness deviations;（表面粗糙度偏差） It is quite sufficient that the actual dimension of the part is found between two limit dimensions and permissible deviation is kept with production to ensure correct functioning of engineering products. 在很多情况下，零件的实际尺寸介于两个极限尺寸之间，在制造的过程中一直维持一个允许偏差以保证工程零件所具有的功能。 Unnecessarily tight tolerances lead to high cost of manufacture resulting from more expensive manufacturing methods and higher reject rates. 不必要的紧公差会导致由于昂贵的制造方法和较高的废品率所带来的高的制造成本。 Definitions. Tolerance is the difference between the maximum and minimum size limits of a part. Size(尺寸). The size of an object or its mate is known as nominal, basic, or design size. Allowance(允差). The difference between the largest allowable shaft size and the smallest hole diameter is termed as the allowance. The quality of the fit is characterized by the allowance value. Fit (配合). Clearance, interference, or transition fit refer to how the object fits an assembly. Nominal Size (basic size)(名义尺寸，基本尺寸). It is the designation used for general identification and usually expressed in common fractions. It is an exact theoretical size of a part from which limit dimensions are computed. The nominal size of a part should be selected from the preferred dimension series indicated by the national standard. 是用于识别的一个表示，通常用简分数的形式给出。它表示一个零件的精确的理论尺寸，根据名义尺寸可以计算出极限尺寸。零件的名义尺寸应该从国家标准规定的优先尺寸系列中选取。 Limit size(极限尺寸). It includes upper limit size and lower limit size which are allowable extreme size of a part. Actual size(