[工学]chapter5 Network_Layer.ppt

The Network Layer Tanenbaum – Chapter 5 Outline Design Issues Routing Algorithms Congestion Control Algorithms Internetworking The Network Layer in the Internet 网络层涉及 分组从源端-〉目的端 处理端到端数据传输的最低层 通信子网 路由选择 5.1.1 Stored-and-forward packet switching A host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest router. The packet is received, verified, and stored. Then it is forwarded to the next router. This step can be repeated many times. Finally the packet reaches the destination host. 5.1.2 Services provided to the transport layer The network layer services have been designed with the following goals in mind. The services should be independent of the router technology The transport layer should be shielded （不可见）from the number, type, and topology of the routers present. The network addresses made available to the transport layer should use a uniform numbering plan, even cross LANs and WANs. Services provided to the transport layer Two-type of services: Connection-less services: (?Datagram) 30 years of experience with the computer network, unreliable internet, hosts doing error control and flow control Connection-oriented services. (?Virtual Circuit) 100 years of experience with the worldwide telephone system, quality of service ? Connection-less（IP） + connection-oriented services. （ATM） Individual pieces of data, known as datagrams, travel from the sender to the receiver. Each individual datagram is routed in the datagram subnet according to the routing tables stored in the router. Datagrams do not have to follow the same route as the ones before it – routing is individual for each datagram. Routing within a diagram subnet. 所有的分组都独立地传输到子网中，并且独立于路由，不需要提前建立任何辅助设施。 每一台路由器都有一个内部表（路由表），指明了：针对每一个可能的目标地址，应该将分组送到哪里去。 每一个路由表的表项包括两个元素：目标地址和针对该目标地址所使用的输出线路。 在每个路由器：分组的存储、校验、路由、转发 路由算法： 管理这些路由表 并作出路由选择的算法 5.1.4 Implementation of Connection-Oriented Service A virtual circuit is set up before the sender begins to send data to the receiver. A connection between