土木工程坝的安全与地震.docxVIP

英文文献：DAM SASETY AND EARTHQUAKESA great tragedy was averted in the 1971 san fernando earthquake just north of Los Angeles in southern california .The tower Van Norman Dam ,less than 10 kilometers from the ruptured fault,had been built 30 years before by using common method od carrying soil for fill into position by water sluices .Subsequently ,additional hydraulic fill had been place in the interior portion of the dam ,leaving only a meter or so of soil on the downstream side to stop the water flowing down onto a densely populated suburban area .Fortunately ,the water in the reservoir wad not at the allowable maximum at the time of the earthquake and the silm earth lip of the dam did not erode ,but held the water in the reservoir until it could be drawn down .Meanwhile , 80,000 persons were evacuated from the downstream area .The incident exemplifies the importance of evaluating prospective dam sites for seismic sidk .Not only is an earth or concreat dam an expensive structure ,ut it directly affects the economy of the region ,through power generation ,flood control,and irrigation .Asthe population contiues to grow ,structural failure of a large dam will pose increasingly greater disaster for the sizsble numbers exposed to the sudden inundation of the flood plains ,Indeed ,in various counstries major dams are located in areas that in the past have suffered large earthquakes .The likelihood of future damaging earthquakes must be most carefully studied.The naturally occurring earthquakes aside ,however , we must consider also a curious connections between. Reservoirs and earthquakes .There have been at least 13 incidents countries in which swarms of earthquakes have occurred under or very near a large teservoir soon after it has been newly filed .The idea that earthquakes might be triggered by impounding surface water is not new .In the 1870’s ,the U.S. corps of engineers rejected proposails for major water storage in the salton sea in suothern California on