数据采集：简介.docxVIP

附录A 英文文献原文Data Acquisition: An IntroductionBruxton CorporationThis is an informal introduction digital data acquisition hardware. It is primarily directed towards assisting in the selection of appropriate hardware for recording with the Acquire program.OverviewIn principle, data acquisition hardware is quite simple. An A/D converter delivers a sequence of values representing an analog signal to an acquisition program. In practice, selecting and properly using data acquisition hardware is more complex. This document provides an informal introduction to the topic..Many of the examples are taken from patch-clamp recording. This technique requires accurate acquisition of low-level signals (picoamperes) with bandwidth in the audio range (up to 10kHz).BackgroundA data acquisition system converts a signal derived from a sensor into a sequence of digital values. The sensor is connected to an amplifier, which converts the signal into a potential. The amplifier is in turn connected to a digitizer, which contains an A/D converter. The digitizer produces a sequence of values representing the signal.Signal SourceThe source of most signals to be digitized is a sensor, connected to an amplifier with appropriate signal conditioning. The amplifier delivers an electrical signal. This signal is then digitized using an A/D converter.For patch-clamp recording, the sensors are solution filled pipettes. The pipette is connected to a patch-clamp amplifier that converts the voltage at the pipette or the current through the pipette to a high-level signal. By convention, the full-scale output range of a patch-clamp amplifier is ±10V, matching the range of common instrumentation quality digitizers.DigitizerA digitizer converts one or more channels of analog signal to a sequence of corresponding digital values. The heart of a digitizer is an A/D converter, a device that samples an analog signal and converts the sample to a digital value.For example, for recording from a single ion channel, the