[研究生入学考试]English grammar.ppt

A New English Grammar A brief introduction of the subject--Grammar What is grammar? The importance of grammar It’s importance in English subject It’s importance in majors’ study Some interesting examples in grammar Means of learning grammar Grammatical Hierarchy The grammar of the English language is organized into five ranks:the sentence, the clause, the phrase, the word and the morpheme. Each rank is composed of one or more than one grammatical unit of the immediate lower rank. The sentence is the highest rank of grammatical unit while the morpheme is the minimum or the lowest rank. Some affixes pseudo:adj. not genuine; pretended pseudo-scholars; pseudo event a pseudo esthete; pseudoclassic假美学家；伪古典主义 It is essential to create an atmosphere in society at large favorable for respecting and promoting science, encouraging innovation and opposing superstition and pseudo-science. 在全社会形成崇尚科学、鼓励创新、反对迷信和伪科学的良好氛围。 pro: prefix, in favor of; supporting pro-Chinese pro-American Debated the issue pro and con.? ultra: adj. extreme or immoderate, esp in beliefs or opinions ultraleftist ultraconservative Chapter one Sentence Structure Basic Structures: S—Subject V—Verb C—Complement O—Object (Direct Object Indirect Object) A—Adverbial Five basic sentence structures: SVC She is in good health. (linking verbs: be, feel, look, prove, remain, resemble, sound, stay, become, grow, turn, smell, taste) SV Everybody laughed. (Intransitive verbs) SVO I love you. (transitive verbs) SVOo I give him a book. SVOC We made him our monitor. SVA I live in Beijing. SVOA I put the book on the desk. Transformation and expansion of basic clause types Transformation An affirmative clause—a negative one A statement—a question An active clause—a passive one Expansion Adding modifiers at various levels Expanding through coordination and subordination The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ his argument in favor of the new theo