磁轴承时代的来临.doc

外文资料 Magnetic Bearings Come Of AgePrinter-friendly version Magnetic-bearings, which support shafts with magnetic levitation rather than mechanical contact, have been in industrial use for decades. Magnetic bearings offer a host of advantages to users, including high-speed capabilities and the ability to operate lubrication-free and in vacuum environments. They generate no friction, experience minimal wear, and operate contamination free with extremely low vibration. And the bearings can precisely control shaft position, measure external forces acting on the shaft, and even monitor a machines operating condition. Recent technological developments, especially in digital processing and control, have made magnetic bearings a more-robust and cost-effective design solution than ever. Todays bearings are suitable for a wide range of applications, from semiconductorfabrication equipment to microturbines,from refrigeration compressors to vacuum pumps. MAGNETIC-BEARING BASICS: Magnetic-bearing systems electromagnetically suspend shafts by applying electric current to a bearings ferromagnetic materials. The systems have three main elements: bearing actuators, position sensors, and controller and control algorithms. Typical units consist of two magnetic radial bearings and one magnetic thrust bearing. They control the shaft along five axes: two axes for each radial bearing and a fifth axis along the shaft. Magnetic bearings have stationary and rotating components — the stator and rotor, respectively. The radial magnetic bearing stator resembles an electricmotor stator. The radial stator is formed by a buildup of laminations, each of which is shaped with poles. The laminations stack together, and coils of wire are wound around each pole. Controlled electric currents passing through the coils produce an attractive force on the ferromagnetic rotor and levitate it within an air gap. The gap usually measures about 0.5 mm but, in some applications, can be as large as 2 mm.The rotor