[英语学习]第八章 句法翻译_长句翻译.ppt

一. 英汉句法翻译 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生；而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。 英汉两种语言有着不同的行文造句特点和表达习惯，英语的句式结构习惯于由点及面，由小到大，由近及远，由轻到重，由弱到强，而汉语恰恰相反。因此在翻译时常常需要打破原文的句式结构，对译文进行结构调整，以符合汉语的表达习惯。常见的结构调整方法： 顺序法 逆序法 时序法 拆分法 重组法 1. 顺序法 这种方法也就是大致保持原文结构顺序，只对个别措辞进行必要的调整。例如： In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。 2. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义，但现代实践与一种定义最接近，即认为历史就是试图重现和解释过去的重大事件。 2. 逆序法 颠倒原文内容的顺序，将句首的内容安排到句尾，句尾的内容安排到句首。 He was dumbfounded at her insistence that he explained where every cent of his allowance had gone. 她非要他讲清楚他紧贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。 2. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this history. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 3. 时序法 按事件发生的时间先后顺序安排译文结构 1. As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。 2. Dr. Smith resumed the activities of anti-cancer experiment begun in 1985 and financed by the Federal government as soon as he snapped from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension. 史密斯医生于1985年开始着手由联邦政府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他一重新振作起来，便立即恢复了抗癌实验活动。 4. 拆分法 将句中的插入成分提取出来单独翻译，另起一句放在句首或句末。这一方法常用于翻译作者带判断性的观点。 1. They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 2. Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 3. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy. 1. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 2. 她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合逻辑。 3. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条