引致儿童抑郁情绪的因素-edborghk.PDFVIP

《香港教師中心學報》 Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre Journal , Vol. 10 © The Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre 2011 引致兒童抑鬱情緒的因素 Factors affecting child depressive mood 陳小梅、黃潔儀 香港教育學院 摘要 本研究目的在調查香港高小學生受抑鬱情緒困擾的狀況，並探究歸因型態、解難策略、自尊感和朋輩關係 與兒童抑鬱情緒的關係。共有 326 名兒童參與，數據以自填問卷方式收集。結果顯示，若以西方標準作分 界點，約 20.9% 參與本研究的兒童受到抑鬱情緒困擾，百分率遠高於其他地方。結果亦顯示負面歸因型態 和內化解難策略都會引致兒童產生抑鬱情緒。相反，若兒童有較高自尊感，較好的朋輩關係，或於遇到社 交問題時會尋求他人支援，他們都較少感受到抑鬱情緒。 關鍵詞 抑鬱情緒困擾，歸因型態，解難策略 Abstract The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive mood among senior primary school children. Data were collected from 326 children with self-reported questionnaires. Participants completed the Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Children’s Attributional Styles Questionnaire-Revised, Self- report Coping Scale for Elementary School Children, Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale and five items measuring perceived peer relationship. Based on the cutting point adopted in the West (CDI ≥20), 20.9% of the sample suffered from depressive symptoms. Regression analyses results indicate that negative attributional style and internalizing coping strategy predicted depressive mood. Children with higher self- esteem, better peer relationship and those adopted seeking social support strategy were less vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Keywords depressive symptoms, attributional style, coping strategies 83 甲、文獻回顧 自我貶低和自我挑剔，然後再把這套負面看法投 　　當兒童年事漸長，開始與外面的世界接觸漸 射到對將來的看法，因而對前景也抱有悲觀、消 多，經歷難過、失落、悲傷、沮喪等負面情緒是 極的態度。 在所難免。然而研究卻發現抑鬱徵狀在兒童及青 　　「 習 得 無 助 」 理 論（reformulated theory 少年頗為普遍（Poli, Sbrana, Marcheschi, Masi, of learned helplessness; Abramson, Seligman 2003; Tepper et al., 2008 ）。於香港進行的兩個研 Teasdale, 1978 ）認為這套「負面的思維模式」與 究指出有大約百份之二十就讀於高小及初中的學 個體的歸因型態有關。心理學家温納（Weiner, 生受抑鬱情緒困擾（Chan, 1995; 19