[考研英语]长句翻译.pptVIP

Translation of complex long sentences 本句译文：近几年来，有关核的结构和有关任意产生这些变化的方法已经知道得很多，所以期望在不久的将来有可能合成任何所欲求的化学元素并非是过分的。 ◆ The idea that the four valence bonds of the carbon atom are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron was advanced in 1874 by Van’t Hoff and independently by Le Bel to explain the existence of right-handed and left-handed forms of some organic compounds, which shows itself in the face development of crystals (enantiomorphism 镜像性，左右对称性) and in the power of solutions to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted beam of polarized light either to the right or the left (optical activity). 本句的主语是the idea was advanced in 1874 by Van’t Hoff and independently by Le Bel……, 而that the four valence bonds of the carbon atom are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron 是定语从句修饰idea. to explain the existence of right-handed and left-handed forms of some organic compounds 是不定式短语，起目的状语作用，修饰was advanced。which shows itself…..是修饰organic compounds的定语从句。in the face……及in the power……是并列的，修饰shows用作地点状语；to rotate the plane ……是不定式短语修饰power。 本句译文：碳原子四价键都指向正四面体的四角的概念，于1874年为范特霍夫和赖贝尔不谋而合地提出，以解释一些有机化合物的右旋或左旋形的存在，它们的存在表现在晶面发生（对映形态）上和溶液把透入的偏振光的偏振面向左或向右旋动（旋光性）的能力上。 ◆ With a solution of sodium chloride it may be supposed that the sodium first deposited on the cathode by a primary action (i.e. as a direct result of electrolysis) at once reacts with the water by a secondary action (i.e. one not involving electrolysis), forming a solution of sodium hydroxide and liberating hydrogen gas. 本句为主从复合句，主句为it may be supposed, 其中it 为语法上的主语，事实上的主语为that the sodium……至句末这一从句，而这从句中的主语为sodium, 谓语为reacts; first deposited on the cathode by a primary action 为分词短语，修饰sodium, at once, with the water及by a secondary action这三个前置词短语都是修饰谓语动词reacts的状语，forming….. 及liberating……为分词短语，是修饰reacts 结果状语。 本句译文：对于氯化钠溶液而言，可以假定，通过第一次作用（即电解的直接作用）首先沉淀在阴极的钠通过第二次作用（即不包含电解的作用）立即与水起反应，形成氢氧化钠溶液而释出氢气。 ◆ For most substances a rough value of the heat of vaporization can be predicted from Trouton’s