集群和比较优势：产业政策的启示[外文翻译].docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目：Clusters and Comparative Advantage: Implications for Industrial Policy 出 处： Inter-American Development Bank 作 者： Andrés Rodríguez-Clare Abstract Industrial agglomerations or “clusters” arise in the presence of industry-specific and local externalities, also called Marshallian externalities. The standard argument is that such externalities may justify a policy of infant-industry protection to allow and encourage clusters to emerge. This paper explores that argument and shows that different policy implications emerge under a more realistic modeling of clusters. In particular, rather than distorting prices to promote clusters in “advanced” sectors that may exhibit strong clustering possibilities, countries should focus instead on promoting clustering in current sectors that have demonstrated the strongest comparative advantage. Import substitution is not a proper way to achieve such a goal. Introduction There is a long tradition among both academics and development practitioners that associates economic development with the realization of agglomeration economies. In policy circles, this is evident in the focus on “clusters” as an important concept in understanding growth and in thinking about development policy (Porter, 1990). Clusters arise in the presence of “Marshallian externalities,” according to which firms benefit from the production and innovation activities of neighboring firms in the same and related industries. There is abundant evidence that such externalities exist and lead to industry-level agglomeration (Rosenthal and Strange, 2003). But what is the appropriate policy in the presence of Marshallian externalities (ME)? From a classical optimal-policy perspective, the correct approach would be to provide a production subsidy to firms generating ME, with the subsidy calibrated to match the strength of the externality. The problem, of course, is that this places very stringent informat