英语国家概况Chapter-3.pptVIP

CONTENT Constitution British Constitution is made up of: Statutory Law (成文法，制定法) Common Law (判例法，普通法) Conventions (习惯法，衡平法) 1. Constitution Division of power Legislature 立法机关 Executive 行政部门 Judiciary 司法部门 2.1.1 Parliament Parliament the law-making body of Britain one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议院), the House of Commons (下议院) Queen Elizabeth II Born: April 21, 1926 Queen since June 2, 1953 Queen Elizabeth II is a “constitutional monarch” Although she is officially the head of state, the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister. 2.1.3 The House of Lords The main legislative function of the House of Lords: Examine and revise bills from the House of Commons Government: Prime Minister, Cabinet ministers 2.2.1 The Prime Minister—powerful leader the leader of the majority party in Parliament controls the Parliament head of the government 2.2.2 The Cabinet center of political system supreme decision-making body in the British government Weekly on Thursday at 10 Downing Street 2.3 The Judiciary 2.3 The Judiciary Proceedings 诉讼 All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been approved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decides the issue of guilt and innocence. 3.0 Overall Introduction The Parliament : a two-party system. Political parties originated in the late 17th century. the Whig Party—Liberal Party(protestant reformer) the Tory Party—Conservative Party(support the King or Church of England) 3.0 Overall Introduction 3.0 Overall Introduction 3.0 Overall Introduction 3.0 Overall Introduction 3.1 The Conservative Party the “Right” landowners and businessmen, the middle and upper-middle class free enterprise and privat