[英语学习]非谓语.ppt

语法 非谓语 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1）不定式 不定式的时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　 1、一般式 to do　　　　　 to be done 不定式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或是在其后发生的。 We have arranged for you to meet Lisa at 8. The students are learning to sing an English song. The thing to be done is to finish the task in time. 2、进行式 to be doing 不定式表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生且正在进行中 The teacher seems to be getting along quite well with the students. 3、完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式动作或状态先于谓语动词发生。如用在intended, hoped, meant, planned等词后，表过去未实现是愿望、计划、期待等。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. He is supposed to have left for Italy last week. This book is said to have been translated into several languages. 1、不定式做主语 往往由“it”做形式主语，常见句型： It is important (hard, easy, necessary) for sb. to do sth. It is kind (foolish, nice---) of you to do sth. It is a pity (a shame, an honor, a pleasure) to do sth. It takes/took sb. sometime to do sth. 2、不定式做表语 表示目的、安排、命令或预计要发生的动作、情况等。如果主语部分有实意动词do，则可省略to. My plan this term is to pass the Band-3 exam. The best way to do now is wait and see. 3、不定式做宾语 ①动词+不定式，此类动词有：afford, arrange, appear, agree, attempt; choose, claim; decide, decline, determine, desire; expect, fail, hope, intend, learn; manage, mean; prepare, pretend, plan, promise; refuse, seek, seem, volunteer, want, hesitate, long, know, threaten, wish等。 There is a man at the door who seems very angry and I think he means____ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have make D. having made Mr. Johnson preferred______ heavier work to do. A. to be given B. to be giving C. to have given D. having given ②动词+wh---+不定式 There is more land here than the government knows ____ . A. what to do with B. how to do C. to do with it D. to do it ③动词+it（形式宾语）+adj./n.+不定式 I find it difficult to follow the professor for I haven’t prepare for the class. 4、不定式做宾语补语 此点关键掌握那些后跟省略“to”的不定式做宾补的动词：hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, perceive, let