[工学]lecture2-introductions.ppt

Microcontroller Principles and Applications for HCS12 Introduction Course Contents Introduction Digital primer Processor vs. controller Basic Concepts/Components Register/stack/interrupts/ Core/Clock/Reset/Timer/Memory/ MCU System Design Development Instructions Assemble programming C programming External Interface button、keypad LED、Numeric/Multiplexed Display、LCD Sensors Motors，Relays，Optocoupler Numbering and coding systems Decimal and binary number system Human being use base 10 system (Decimal) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 零，一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九 Zero,One,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII,IX,X Computers use base 2 system (Binary) 0,1 Yes No True False High Low On Off These two binary digits are called bits Numbering and coding systems Hexadecimal and octal number system Hexadecimal is base 16 system （Hex） 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F Octal is base 8 system (Octal) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Hexadecimal is a convenient representation of binary numbers 0xABCD vs. 0b1010101111001101 Octal is seldom used. Number system converting Decimal to Binary Divide the decimal by 2 Keep track of remainder Continue until quotient is 0 arrange remainder in reverse order Number system converting Binary to Decimal Each bit in a binary number has a weight Add the weighted number of each bit to get the decimal number 23 22 21 20 (weight) %1 0 1 1  = 1?(23) + 0? (22) + 1? (21) + 1? (20) = 1?(8) + 0? (4) + 1? (2) + 1? (1) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1  = 11 Decimal Number system converting Converting between Binary and Hex Nibble -- four-bit aggregation A Hex for each nibble Binary to Hex Start from the right, group 4 bits for a nibble, replace each nibble with equivalent Hex Binary 1100 0101 1011 0110 Hex = C 5 B 6 Hex to Binary Replace each nibble with equivalent binary Hex $A B C Binary % 1010 1011 1100 Binary %