英美概况总1-3章.pptVIP

Objectives In this chapter we will learn about the composition of British economy and its recent history,the current UK economy,the more detailed information of each field of British economy. Focal Questions What are the basic economic condition in the UK past and present? What are the main economic compositions of UK economy? How does Labour Union serve the UK econom ? What are some of the specific features of UK economy? Contents A Historical Perspective  1)Absolute Decline and Relative Decline Absolute Decline Relative Decline The Current UK Economy 2. Agriculture,Industry andService Section 3The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie Monarchs Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Lady Jane Grey Mary I Elizabeth I Section FourThe English Bourgeois Revolution P98 James I, the first king of the House of Stuart（英斯图亚特王室）, lacked the charisma（魅力） of Elizabeth, but made up for it through divine right—early 1600s. He wishes to rule by divine right. He lessened Parliament’s power by not calling it often, thus not needing money. p100 When Charles I came along, he took his father’s ideas to the extreme—he wanted to be like Louis XIV in France and have total divine rights. Unfortunately for him, Parliament—now ruled by conservative Puritans—had different opinions. Charles was devious（狡猾的）—how? cont. He devised new ways to raise money “apart from” Parliament—taxing land and the common people without the permission of Parliament. This caused a great outcry（公开反对）—he was forced to call the Long Parliament to resolve the conflict—the result: 7. The English Civil War and the Commonwealth of Cromwell（克伦威尔联邦）. In 1648, Cromwell defeated the royalist forces and established parliament back in power. In 1651, England become a Commonwealth—a republic! However, it did not last, for the Commonwealth gave way to the “Protectorate”（摄政政体）—basically, a police（极权） state. This disappointed the British, and they desired to have a monarch back the way it once was. Fo